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18
Sep 09

Too Much Information and Too Little Wisdom

In the early 1990s Andy Grove, then CEO of Intel, addressed a management meeting which I attended.  Addressing the East Coast management meeting, he sat in his tiny California cubicle and streamed video to the attendees.   Before the advent of Google and the project to digitize books, Mr. Grove predicted that the internet would be like having the Library of Congress at your fingertips.  His prediction has come true.  We now have a torrent of information more voluminous than the Library of Congress.  What is lacking is wisdom to interpret this torrent.

Confusing Information, Knowledge and Wisdom

We confuse information with knowledge and knowledge with wisdom.  A short trip to the dictionary:

Information: the communication or reception of knowledge or intelligence

Knowledge: (1) the fact or condition of knowing something with familiarity gained through experience or association (2) acquaintance with or understanding of a science, art, or technique

Wisdom: a. accumulated philosophic or scientific learning b. ability to discern inner qualities and relationships

These words are sequential: information leads to knowledge, knowledge properly applied leads to wisdom. I submit that the internet supercharged by search engines does not move the meter past “information.”

CNBC creates an expectation that a glut of information conveyed through catchy sight and sound is meaningful.  Breathless announcers countdown to the 8:30 AM unemployment numbers, new home sales, the Case Shiller Home Price Index, the ADP Employment Report, the Consumer Price Index, the Baltic Dry Index, preliminary GDP results, retail sales, etc.  The Wall Street Journal website provides a myriad of national and global market indices.  Financial websites such as Yahoo, Marketwatch and Google only add to the economic information overload.  The media is capable of showcasing a wide variety of experts knowledgeable in their field, but displaying little, if any wisdom.

Commentators in both old and new media were happy for their fifteen minutes of fame.  But in the new media age, Andy Warhol’s fifteen minutes have been reduced to thirty second sound bites.

Wisdom and the 2008 Financial Crisis

A thoughtful observer of the 2008 financial crisis could have foreseen that there were major imbalances in the US and global economy.

  • The US ran huge trade deficits.
  • Manufacturing moved off shore to low wage countries
  • Credit, on every level, was too easily available.
  • Wall Street created fiendishly complex derivatives incapable of valuation.
  • Congress and the administration outdid each other cutting taxes while increasing expenditures.
  • Family incomes were stagnant.
  • Interest rates remained at absurdly low levels.
  • States ran deficits during boom times, lowered taxes and cut back on funding pension liabilities.

In other words, something was horribly wrong.

Despite the claims of many financial and political establishment leaders that “no one could see this coming,” many did.  Commentators such as Michael Shedlock, Bill Fleckenstein, Karl Denninger and a small band of others were able to connect the economic dots.  Why?  These commentators possessed wisdom.  They examined the entire economic picture, thought about the effect of the imbalances and extrapolated the economic harm from these imbalances.  To do so and achieve wisdom, certain traits are required: thoughtfulness, a coherent theoretical starting point, real world experience, integrity, humility, critical thinking, a willingness to go against conventional wisdom and mindfulness of the whole.  Wisdom often comes from being the lone voice in the wilderness.

Wisdom today is still in short supply.  We are again bombarded with the range of unemployment, CPI, retail sales, and GDP reports, but little time is spent in the media on putting this information into context or wider perspective.  Can you really rely on one month’s worth of numbers to declare a recession over?  What if unemployment is really not a lagging indicator, but a precursor of greater economic harm?  Why does it make a difference that unemployment dropped from 564,000 newly unemployed versus 550,000 unemployed when over 6 million people are out of work and the number climbing?  Why does the stock market rebound look suspiciously like the 1930 stock market rebound?

Why do We Lack Wisdom?

We lack wisdom in our leaders for a number of reasons.  We overvalue credentials, an Ivy League education, a Harvard MBA, a Yale law degree. We do not spend the same amount of time evaluating and training our workers with deliberation and care.  Critical thinking is absent in our school systems and universities.  We favor the business leader or politician who can deliver the quick answer and pithy sound bite. Mindfulness and humility are just not “cool.”

Before the next phase of the financial downturn hits, we should launch a financial Manhattan Project and hope that wise leaders emerge.

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16
Sep 09

Credit Ghettos

Ghetto” is defined as;

a quarter of a city in which members of a minority group live especially because of social, legal, or economic pressure or a      situation that resembles a ghetto especially in conferring inferior status or limiting opportunity <the pink-collar ghetto>

Whether by design or happenstance the actions of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve and other executive branches of the government have created “credit ghettos.”  The unintended consequences of credit ghettos may take years to unfold, but the effect will be pernicious.

Government Guarantees and the Credit Ghetto

Both the Bush Administration and the Obama administration responded to the fall 2008 financial crisis through guaranteeing and backstopping financial institutions, government lending enterprises  (FNMA, GNMA, etc), insurance companies (AIG), near financial institutions (GE, GM, Chrysler), money market funds and other entities.  Neal Barofsky, special investigator for the Trouble Asset Relief Program (TARP), released a report in July 2009, detailing that there are now 50 government guaranty programs that potentially expose the taxpayer to a staggering 23.7 trillion dollars debt.

23.7 Support

Thus, a giant bubble of protection has been placed over government-favored financial institutions.  Those within this bubble can borrow money as low as .25% from the Federal Reserve and have virtually unlimited access to the credit markets.  These favored lenders have been able to raise capital from depositors and equity and debt investors.  Citicorp, one of the favored entities has watched its stock soar from under $1 dollar per share to over $5 per share, not because its business has improved measurably, but because of these backstops.  Who wouldn’t want to lend to company where the full faith and credit of the US government is protecting the loan?   The remainder of American business has been relegated to a “credit ghetto” where life is much more expensive.

Rewriting the Bankruptcy Code

Never leaving bad enough alone, the government also decided to try its hand at rewriting the bankruptcy code through executive fiat.  In the Chrysler bankruptcy, senior creditors with contractual rights were pushed aside and the politically-favored, unsecured creditor unions were arbitrarily awarded 55% of the company.  The senior creditors were offered 30-35 cents on the dollar for their debt.  Former GE Chairman, Jack Welch succinctly put it, “The creditors’ rights were trashed and the unions got 55 percent of the company.”

Alas, unlike the world of politics, bad deeds get punished in the credit markets. The reaction was immediate and angry:

Fund Managers Burned by Obama Now Say They are Wary

May 20 (Bloomberg) — Hedge fund manager George Schultze says he may avoid lending to any more unionized companies after being burned by President Barack Obama in Chrysler LLC’s Fridson Investment Advisors have joined Schultze Asset Management LLC in saying lenders may be unwilling to back unionized companies with underfunded pension and medical obligations, such as airlines and auto-industry suppliers, because Chrysler’s creditors failed to block Obama’s move. The reluctance may put additional pressure on borrowers seeking capital in the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression.

“Lenders will have to figure out how to price this risk,” Schultze, 39, said in a telephone interview from his office in Purchase, New York. “The obvious one is: Don’t lend to a company with big legacy liabilities or demand a much higher rate of interest because you may be leapfrogged in a bankruptcy.”

Thus, another credit ghetto has been created: unionized companies with underfunded pension and retiree medical obligations.

Why We Should Care – The Unintended Consequences

Why should we care as this is just esoteric credit market maneuverings?  We should care a lot.  Credit is a company’s lifeblood.  The government either intentionally or unintentionally is providing the “lifeblood” on favorable terms to the politically favored.  It is creating a protected bubble where low cost borrowing takes place.  Outside the bubble the government has created “credit ghettos.” First are non-union companies who can borrow at the “free market” rate. Second, are union companies that have been threatened with either no access to money or money at a penalty rate.  In essence, any company outside the bubble is borrowing at a penalty rate.  While banks can borrow from the Federal Reserve at close to a 0% interest rate, corporate borrowers (non-high yield) are borrowing on average of 4.5% for intermediate debt and 6.20% for long-term debt.  (Source – WSJ)

It is obvious that those relegated to the “credit ghetto” are paying a penalty rate which flows through to net income and stock price. In truth it is a hidden tax on non-financial companies who did not get into trouble.  The Federal Reserve has grossly distorted credit allocation to the detriment of these companies.  Today, with the Federal Reserve showering credit on the markets, availability of credit for non-financial companies is not an issue – yet!  Once the torrent slows to a trickle, the non-financial companies will be in a world of pain.

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